suitable "darbies" for his wrists. We managed to force him into a
four-wheeler to take him to the police-station, when he again renewed
his efforts and savagely attacked me, lifting his ironed wrists and
bringing them down heavily on my head, completely crushing my
bowler hat.

[Illustration: NO. 5--"AMERICAN HANDCUFF" (OPEN).]

[Illustration: NO. 6--"AMERICAN HANDCUFF" (CLOSED).]

As the English handcuffs have only been formed for criminals who
submitted quietly to necessity, it was considered expedient to find an
instrument applicable to all cases. The perfected article comes from
America (Nos. 5 and 6), and, being lighter, less clumsy, and more easily
concealed, finds general favour among the officers at Scotland Yard. In
fact, such are its advantages that we must presume that it differs
considerably from the Anglo-Saxon "Hand-cop" and the somewhat primitive
article used upon the unwilling prophet of the Carpathian Sea. This and
the older kind, to which some of the more conservative of our detectives
still adhere, are the only handcuffs used in England.

[Illustration: No. 7--"LA LIGOTE."]

The ingenious detective of France, where crime and all its
appurtenances have reached such a state of perfection, is not without
his means of securing his man (No. 7). It is called "La Ligote" or "Le
Cabriolet." There are two kinds: one is composed of several steel piano
strings, and the other of whip-cords twined together, and they are used
much in the same way as the "Twister."