P, sterno-cleido-mastoid;
R, trapezius;
S, anterior constrictor;
T, splenius capitis;
V, stylo-hyoid;
W, posterior portion of the digastric;
X, fasciculi of ear muscles;
Z, occipital.
]

[NOTE. It was proposed during the Civil War to give each soldier in a
certain army one gill of whiskey a day, because of great hardship and
exposure. The eminent surgeon, Dr. Frank H. Hamilton of New York, thus
expressed his views of the question: "It is earnestly desired that no
such experiment will ever be repeated in the armies of the United
States. In our own mind, the conviction is established, by the
experience and observation of a life, that the regular routine
employment of alcoholic stimulants by man in health is never, under
any circumstances, useful. We make no exceptions in favor of cold or
heat or rain."

"It seems to me to follow from these Arctic experiences that the
regular use of spirits, even in moderation, under conditions of great
physical hardship, continued and exhausting labor, or exposure to
severe cold cannot be too strongly deprecated."

A. W. Greely, retired Brigadier General, U.S.A., and formerly leader
of the Greely Expedition.]

79. Effect of Tobacco on the Muscles. That other prominent narcotic,