actually show themselves under favourable conditions to independent
observers.

_Lowell on the System of Canals as a whole._

We will now see what Mr. Lowell claims to be the plain teaching of the
'canals' as a whole:

"But last and all-embracing in its import is the system which the canals
form. Instead of running at hap-hazard, the canals are interconnected in
a most remarkable manner. They seek centres instead of avoiding them.
The centres are linked thus perfectly one with another, an arrangement
which could not result from centres, whether of explosion or otherwise,
which were themselves discrete. Furthermore, the system covers the whole
surface of the planet, dark areas and light ones alike, a world-wide
distribution which exceeds the bounds of natural possibility. Any force
which could act longitudinally on such a scale must be limited
latitudinally in its action, as witness the belts of Jupiter and the
spots upon the sun. Rotational, climatic, or other physical cause could
not fail of zonal expression. Yet these lines are grandly indifferent to
such competing influences. Finally, the system, after meshing the
surface in its entirety, runs straight into the polar caps.

"It is, then, a system whose end and aim is the tapping of the snow-cap
for the water there semi-annually let loose; then to distribute it over
the planet's face" (p. 373).

Here, again, we have curiously weak arguments adduced to support the
view that these numerous straight lines imply works of art rather than
of nature, especially in the comparison made with the belts of Jupiter