in this time of terror, the regular army was increased an additional
hundred thousand by the government.

* The name only, and not the idea, was imported from Russia.
The Black Hundreds were a development out of the secret
agents of the capitalists, and their use arose in the labor
struggles of the nineteenth century. There is no discussion
of this. No less an authority of the times than Carroll D.
Wright, United States Commissioner of Labor, is responsible
for the statement. From his book, entitled "The Battles of
Labor," is quoted the declaration that "in some of the great
historic strikes the employers themselves have instigated
acts of violence;" that manufacturers have deliberately
provoked strikes in order to get rid of surplus stock; and
that freight cars have been burned by employers' agents
during railroad strikes in order to increase disorder. It
was out of these secret agents of the employers that the
Black Hundreds arose; and it was they, in turn, that later
became that terrible weapon of the Oligarchy, the agents-
provocateurs.

Never had labor received such an all-around beating. The great captains
of industry, the oligarchs, had for the first time thrown their full
weight into the breach the struggling employers' associations had made.
These associations were practically middle-class affairs, and now,
compelled by hard times and crashing markets, and aided by the great
captains of industry, they gave organized labor an awful and decisive
defeat. It was an all-powerful alliance, but it was an alliance of the
lion and the lamb, as the middle class was soon to learn.