III. Closely allied to the consciousness of degradation is the lack of
manly feeling. Appreciation of manhood is a condition of improvement.
He who thinks himself only an animal will live like one. Does this
condition exist at the South? It could not be otherwise. Any one who
has travelled there must have his faith in the evolution of some men
from the lower animals immeasurably strengthened. Rev. Dr. Taylor, of
New York, has said that he knows that the Darwinian theory cannot be
true, because, if it were, "an Englishman's right arm would have
developed into an umbrella long ago." But Dr. Taylor would find faces
in the South which, from their resemblance to lower orders of life,
might weaken his faith in his demonstration.

The black race is no more degraded than our own would be under similar
circumstances, but its condition is appalling. How long will it take
to develop the consciousness of manhood where all the tastes, and all
the tendencies, and almost all the environment, are low and in the
opposite direction? The colored people have not the help of higher and
refining influences. Their tendencies have been downward, and present
environment increases the tendency. Regeneration or reform is not the
work of a year or a generation. The change will come only by the
creation of new and higher conditions, and with the birth of a more
self-respecting stock.

IV. How long will be required for the education of the colored people
and the poor whites?

The author of "An Appeal to Caesar" says, "The Southern man, black or
white, is not likely to be greatly different to-morrow from what he
was yesterday. Generations may modify; years can only restrain. The