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An Essay on Mediaeval Economic Teaching by George O'Brien
page 36 of 251 (14%)
legitimacy of a vendor's increasing the price of an article by reason
of some special inconvenience which he would suffer by parting with
it. Both these titles were justified on the same ground, namely, that
they were in the nature of compensations, and arose independently of
the main contract of loan or sale as the case might be. 'Le vendeur
est en présence de l'acheteur. L'objet a pour lui une valeur
particulière: c'est un souvenir, par exemple. A-t-il le droit de
majorer le prix de vente? de dépasser le juste prix convenu? ... Avec
l'unanimité des docteurs on peut trouver légitime la majoration du
prix. L'évaluation commune distingue un double élément dans l'objet:
sa valeur ordinaire à laquelle répond le juste prix, et cette valeur
extraordinaire qui appartient au vendeur, dont il se prive et qui
mérite une compensation: il le fait pour ainsi dire l'objet d'un
second contrat qui se superpose au premier. Cela est si vrai que le
supplément de prix n'est pas dû au même titre que le juste prix.'[2]
The importance of this analogy will appear when we come to treat just
price and usury in detail; it is simply referred to here in support of
the proposition that, far from being a special doctrine _sui generis_,
the usury doctrine of the Church was simply an application to the sale
of consumptible things of the universal rules which applied to all
sales. In other words, the doctrines of the just price and of usury
were founded on the same fundamental precept of justice in exchange.
If we indicate what this precept was, we can claim to have indicated
what was the true centre of the canonist doctrine.

[Footnote 1: _The Church and Usury_, p. 186.]

[Footnote 1: Desbuquois, 'La Justice dans l'Echange,' _Semaine Sociale
de France_, 1911, p. 174.]

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