the university to the dominant race. The shops are considered fully
as important as the class rooms at Tougaloo. Carpentry, painting,
tinning, blacksmithing and wagon-making are taught, not only the
rudiments, but to the extent of turning out finished workmen. The
shops were built by the students and are admirably equipped with
tools. Wagons from the Tougaloo apprentices sell for $60 in Jackson,
and are preferred to the product of first-class wagon-makers.

The desk at which I sit, and which will compare with skilled work
anywhere, was made by one of our students. In the blacksmithing and
wagon-making they learn to take iron and wood in the rough and turn
out a good, substantial wagon. The value to the colored youth of such
training can hardly be over-estimated. They are trained to do skilled
work, to be self-reliant and self-supporting.

THE FARM SCHOOL.

But teaching the trades is but part of the system of industrial
education at Tougaloo. Each boy is required to work at least one hour
a day on the university farm. For all work over that hour the student
receives pay, the highest allowance being 7c. an hour. The farm is not
run to make money, but to educate. The idea is to make the operation
of the farm an object lesson to the students in the better methods of
agriculture and stock raising. Several students, enough to take care
of the steady and continuous farm work, are employed all day on the
farm and attend the night school, but the bulk of the farm labor comes
from the students, who give from one to several hours to it outside of
school. Last year the farm was run with but one man outside of the
student help. The boys, while getting their book learning, tilled
eighty-five acres of corn, fifteen acres of oats, with a second crop