coasts of the Red Sea, on either side the Bab el Mandeb. Queen
Hatshepsût's famous expedition is represented in a series of coloured
bas-relief sculptures on the walls of her great temple at Deir el
Baharî, reproduced in Dr. Dümichen's work, _The Fleet of an Egyptian
Queen_, and in Mariette's _Deîr el Baharî_. For a full account
of this temple, its decoration, and the expedition of Hatshepsût, see
the _Deir el Baharî_ publications of the Egypt Exploration Fund.







CHAPTER III.

_TOMBS_.

The Egyptians regarded man as composed of various different entities, each
having its separate life and functions. First, there was the body; then the
_Ka_ or double, which was a less solid duplicate of the corporeal form--a
coloured but ethereal projection of the individual, reproducing him feature
for feature. The double of a child was as a child; the double of a woman
was as a woman; the double of a man was as a man. After the double (_Ka_)
came the Soul (_Bi_ or _Ba_), which was popularly represented as a human-
headed bird; after the Soul came the "_Khû_," or "the Luminous," a spark
from the divine fire. None of these elements were in their own natures
imperishable. Left to themselves, they would hasten to dissolution, and the
man would thus die a second time; that is to say, he would be annihilated.
The piety of the survivors found means, however, to avert this catastrophe.