1825 11,082,970 315,809
1828 17,127,633 440,245
1835 23,295,046 652,124
1839 26,789,945 779,115
1840 28,723,735 921,551
1844 31,394,225 681,610
1845 34,318,095 717,871
1846 36,793,061 756,838
1847 37,441,373 746,436
1848 37,106,292 710,270
1849 34,431,074 643,210
1850 31,226,840 566,822
1851 32,564,164 445,739
1852 35,044,376 438,084

I estimated, in a little treatise on coffee and its adulterations,
which I published in 1850, that not less than 18,000,000 lbs. of
vegetable matter of various kinds were sold annually under the
deceptive name of coffee. Three-fourths of these 18,000,000 lbs. of
pretended coffee were composed of chicory, and the remaining fourth of
other ingredients prejudicial to health, as well as a fraud upon the
revenue. The various substances used in adulterating both chicory and
coffee, when sold in the powdered state, have been specifically
pointed out and set forth from time to time in memorials from the
trade and the coffee-growers. Mr. M'Culloch and other competent judges
set down the actual consumption of chicory in the United Kingdom at
12,500 tons per annum. When we consider the vast difference of price
between chicory and coffee, as purchased by the wholesale dealer, the
temptation to its fraudulent use was obviously great, and there was no
penal restriction against it.