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Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise by P. Gerald Sanford
page 292 of 352 (82%)
bath is adapted for two decomposition tubes, and is on the principle of
Lothar Meyer's air bath, that is, the bath proper filled with a high-
flashing hydrocarbon oil, and fitted with a lid perforated with two
circular holes for the spiral tubes, is surrounded by an asbestos-covered
envelope, in the interior of which circulate the products of combustion of
numerous small gas jets. The stirrer, agitated by a water motor, or,
better still, a hot-air engine, has a series of helical blades curved to
give a thorough mixing to the oil. Great uniformity and constancy of
temperature are thus obtained. The bath is fitted also with a temperature
regulator and thermometer.

~Reduction Tube~--This is of copper, and consists of two parts, the outer
tube and an inner reaching to nearly the bottom of the former. Into the
inner tube fits a spiral of reduced copper gauze, and into the annular
space between the tubes is fitted a tightly packed reduced copper spiral.
At the bottom the inlet tube dips into a layer of copper oxide asbestos,
on the top of which is a layer of reduced copper asbestos. Through the
indiarubber cork passes a glass tube, which leads the CO_{2} and nitrogen
out of the reduction tube. As the portion of the tube containing the
spirals is heated to redness, water jackets are provided on both inner and
outer tubes to protect the indiarubber cork.

~Nitrogen Measuring Apparatus.~--The measuring tube with zigzag
arrangement is used, having been found very economical in potash. It is
most convenient to take readings by counterbalancing the column of potash
solution and reading off the volume of gas at atmospheric pressure. For
this purpose the tap immediately in front of the measuring tube is
momentarily closed, this having been proved to be without ill effect on
the progress of the test. In all experiments done by this test the air
correction is subtracted from each reading, and the remainder brought to
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