the vallies. Here the _arnica montana_, which the Missionaries have
found of great use among the Esquimaux, grows in great abundance.
Salmon-trout are caught in every creek and inlet.

Like the salmon, they remain in the rivers and fresh-water lakes during
the winter, and return to the sea in spring. The Esquimaux about Okkak
and Saeglek, catch them in winter under the ice by spearing. For this
purpose, they make two holes in the ice, about eight inches in diameter,
and six feet asunder, in a direction from north to south. The northern
hole they screen from the sun, by a bank of snow about four feet in
height, raised in a semicircle round its southern edge, and form another
similar bank on the north-side of the southern hole, sloped in such a
manner as to reflect the rays of the sun into it. The Esquimaux then
lies down, with his face close to the northern aperture, beneath which
the water is strongly illuminated by the sunbeams entering at the
southern. In his left hand he holds a red string, with which he plays in
the water, to allure the fish, and in his right a spear, ready to strike
them as they approach. In this manner they soon take as many as they
want.

The salmon-trout on this coast are from twelve to eighteen inches long,
and in August and September so fat, that the Esquimaux collect from them
a sufficient quantity of oil for their lamps. The immense abundance of
these fish on all parts of the coast, would almost at any time save the
Esquimaux from starving with hunger; but as seals furnish them both with
food and clothing, it is of most consequence to them to attend to this
branch of supply. At Hopedale and Nain, however, salmon-trout are caught
only in the summer.

We were much pleased with the behaviour of our own Esquimaux, during