themselves, that all such foreknowledge dependeth upon the course and
influence of the starres, which give the truest and most certain light
of things to come. Being thus wholly possessed of men, and having their
senses and understanding by this meanes fast ynough bound with three
sure chains, no marvell if this art grew in processe of time to such
an head, that it was and is at this day reputed by most nations of
the earth for the paragon and cheefe of all sciences: insomuch as
the mightie kings and monarchs of the Levant are altogether ruled and
governed thereby."

(9) Breasted: Development of Religion and Thought in
Ancient Egypt, New York, 1912, p. 84.

(10) The Historie of the World, commonly called the Naturall
Historie of C. Plinius Secundus, translated into English by
Philemon Holland, Doctor in Physieke, London, 1601, Vol. II,
p. 371, Bk. XXX, Chap. I, Sect. 1.

The second world-wide practice which finds its earliest record among
the Egyptians is the use secretions and parts of the animal body as
medicine. The practice was one of great antiquity with primitive man,
but the papyri already mentioned contain the earliest known records.
Saliva, urine, bile, faeces, various parts of the body, dried and
powdered, worms, insects, snakes were important ingredients in the
pharmacopoeia. The practice became very widespread throughout the
ancient world. Its extent and importance may be best gathered from
chapters VII and VIII in the 28th book of Pliny's "Natural History."
Several remedies are mentioned as derived from man; others from the
elephant, lion, camel, crocodile, and some seventy-nine are prepared
from the hyaena. The practice was widely prevalent throughout the