2. 1. The Vowels are a, e, i, o, u, y. The other letters are Consonants.
The Diphthongs are ae, oe, ei, au, eu, ui.

2. Consonants are further subdivided into Mutes, Liquids, Nasals, and
Spirants.

3. The Mutes are p, t, c, k, q; b, d, g; ph, th, ch. Of these,--

a) p, t, c, k, q are voiceless,[4] i.e. sounded _without_ voice or
vibration of the vocal cords.

b) b, d, g are voiced,[5] i.e. sounded _with_ vibration of the vocal
cords.

c) ph, th, ch are aspirates. These are confined almost exclusively to
words derived from the Greek, and were equivalent to p + h, t + h, c + h,
i.e. to the corresponding voiceless mutes with a following breath, as in
Eng. _loop-hole_, _hot-house_, _block-house_.

4. The Mutes admit of classification also as

Labials, p, b, ph.
Dentals (or Linguals), t, d, th.
Gutturals (or Palatals), c, k, q, g, ch.

5. The Liquids are l, r. These sounds were voiced.

6. The Nasals are m, n. These were voiced. Besides its ordinary sound, n,
when followed by a guttural mute also had another sound,--that of ng in