the Honorable Sewall G. Mack; in 1855, by the Honorable Ambrose
Lawrence; in 1856, by Dr. Huntington; in 1857, by the Honorable Stephen
Mansur, the first Republican mayor; in 1858, by Dr. Huntington, for his
eighth term; in 1859, by the Honorable James Cook; in 1860, by the
Honorable Benjamin C. Sargent; in 1862, by the Honorable Hocum Hosford;
in 1865, by the Honorable Josiah G. Peabody; in 1867, by the Honorable
George F. Richardson; in 1869, by the Honorable Jonathan P. Folsom; in
1871, by the Honorable Edward F. Sherman; in 1872, by the Honorable
Josiah G. Peabody; in 1873, by the Honorable Francis Jewett; in 1876, by
the Honorable Charles A. Stott; in 1878, by the Honorable John A.G.
Richardson; in 1880, by the Honorable Frederic T. Greenhalge; in 1882,
by the Honorable George Runels; in 1883, by the present mayor, the
Honorable John J. Donovan.

The young city met with a serious loss April 11, 1837, in the sudden
death of Kirk Boott.

A county jail was built in 1838, and the Nashua and Lowell Railroad was
opened for travel.

Luther Lawrence was killed, April 17, 1839, by a fall into a wheel-pit.
He was serving his second term as mayor of the city at the time of the
accident. His residence was bought by the corporations and converted
into the Lowell Hospital.

[Illustration: WILLIAM LIVINGSTON.
Born April 12, 1803. Died March 17, 1855.]

In 1840, the Massachusetts Mills were established; and the South Common,
of about twenty acres, and the North Common, of about ten acres, were