(Fig. 11). As further illustrations of this class of maze, I give one
taken from an Italian work on architecture by Serlio, published in 1537
(Fig. 12), and one by London and Wise, the designers of the Hampton
Court maze, from their book, _The Retired Gard'ner_, published in 1706
(Fig. 13). Also, I add a Dutch maze (Fig. 14).

[Illustration: FIG. 12.--Italian Maze of Sixteenth Century.]

[Illustration: FIG. 13.--By the Designers of Hampton Court Maze.]

[Illustration: FIG. 14.--A Dutch Maze.]

So far our mazes have been of historical interest, but they have
presented no difficulty in threading. After the Reformation period we
find mazes converted into mediums for recreation, and they generally
consisted of labyrinthine paths enclosed by thick and carefully trimmed
hedges. These topiary hedges were known to the Romans, with whom the
_topiarius_ was the ornamental gardener. This type of maze has of late
years degenerated into the seaside "Puzzle Gardens. Teas, sixpence,
including admission to the Maze." The Hampton Court Maze, sometimes
called the "Wilderness," at the royal palace, was designed, as I have
said, by London and Wise for William III., who had a liking for such
things (Fig. 15). I have before me some three or four versions of it,
all slightly different from one another; but the plan I select is taken
from an old guide-book to the palace, and therefore ought to be
trustworthy. The meaning of the dotted lines, etc., will be explained
later on.

[Illustration: FIG. 15.--Maze at Hampton Court Palace.]