on their eastern frontier, where, the year before, they had begun an
advance toward the "unredeemed" territory around Trieste (map, page 50).
The Ison´zo River was crossed and after months of warfare the city and
fortresses of Gorizia (go-rît´sî-a) were occupied (August 9, 1916). From
this point the Italians continued slowly, overcoming great difficulties,
on their way toward Trieste.

THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND, MAY 31, 1916.--A minor division of the British
fleet under Admiral Beatty was scouting in the neighborhood of Jutland
(the peninsula of Denmark). The main German fleet came out to attack
it. The small British squadron, instead of withdrawing, gave battle to
the whole German high seas fleet. After the fighting had gone on for
several hours in fog and mist, the British grand fleet approached, but
night came on before a decision was reached. During the night the German
fleet retired back of the defenses of mines and shore batteries. In the
battle the British fleet had lost three battle cruisers and fifteen or
sixteen other vessels. The German losses were not completely published
but were certainly heavier. The Germans claimed a victory, and a general
holiday was ordered that all might celebrate. Nevertheless, the British
vessels were on the scene the next morning picking up survivors, while
the German fleet has not (up to the present writing) come out of harbor
in order that it might try to repeat its so-called victory.

SUBMARINE WARFARE.--During the year 1916 Germans continued with
increasing success their policy of sinking merchant vessels, neutral and
enemy. Out of a total of nearly 4,000,000 tons of shipping destroyed
from the beginning of the war to January 1, 1917, more than half was
lost during 1916. Occasional loss of life also caused much doubt on the
part of our government as to whether Germany was keeping her pledge to
safeguard the lives of noncombatants on torpedoed liners.