not Saxon, but Norman, he having obtained his plans, and probably his
builders, from Normandy.

[2] See Parker's "Introduction to Gothic Architecture" for
illustrations of this work.

V. General Industry and Commerce

102. Farms; Slave Trade.

The farming of this period, except on the Church lands, was of the
rudest description. Grain was ground by the women and slaves in stone
hand mills. Late, the mills were driven by wind or water power. The
pricipal commerce was in wool, lead, tin, and slaves. A writer of
that time says he used to see long trains of young men and women tied
together, offered for sale, "for men were not ashamed," he adds, "to
sell their nearest relatives, and even their own children."

VI. Mode of Life, Manners, and Customs

103. The Town.

The first Saxon settlements were quite generally on the line of the
old Roman roads. They were surrounded by a rampart of earth set with
a thick hedge or with rows of sharp stakes. Outside this was a deep
ditch. These places were called towns,[1] from "tun," meaning a fence
or hedge. The chief fortified towns were called "burghs" or
boroughs. Later on, this class of towns generally had a corporate
form of government, and eventually they sent representatives to
Parliament (S213).