of Progress must presuppose; and it forms Bacon's great contribution
to the group of ideas which rendered possible the subsequent rise of
that doctrine.

Finally, we must remember that by Bacon, as by most of his
Elizabethan contemporaries, the doctrine of an active intervening
Providence, the Providence of Augustine, was taken as a matter of
course, and governed more or less their conceptions of the history
of civilisation. But, I think, we may say that Bacon, while he
formally acknowledged it, did not press it or emphasise it.
[Footnote: See Advancement, iii. II. On the influence of the
doctrine on historical writing in England at the beginning of the
seventeenth century see Firth, Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the
World (Proc. of British Academy, vol. viii., 1919), p. 8.]

5.

Bacon illustrated his view of the social importance of science in
his sketch of an ideal state, the New Atlantis. He completed only a
part of the work, and the fragment was published after his death.
[Footnote: In 1627. It was composed about 1623. It seems almost
certain that he was acquainted with the Christianopolis of Johann
Valentin Andreae (1586-1654), which had appeared in Latin in 1614,
and contained a plan for a scientific college to reform the
civilised world. Andreae, who was acquainted both with More and with
Campanella, placed his ideal society in an island which he called
Caphar Salama (the name of a village in Palestine). Andreae's work
had also a direct influence on the Nova Solyma of Samuel Gott
(1648). See the Introduction of F. E. Held to his edition of
Christianopolis (1916). In Macaria, another imaginary state of the