Plaintiffs American Library Association, Alaska Library
Association, California Library Association, Connecticut Library
Association, Freedom to Read Foundation, Maine Library
Association, New England Library Association, New York Library
Association, and Wisconsin Library Association are non-profit
organizations whose members include public libraries that receive
either E-rate discounts or LSTA funds for the provision of
Internet access. Because it is a prerequisite to associational
standing, we note that the interests that these organizations
seek to protect in this litigation are central to their raison
d'être.


Plaintiffs Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, in
southwest Washington state; Multnomah County Public Library, in
Multnomah County, Oregon; Norfolk Public Library System, in
Norfolk, Virginia; Santa Cruz Public Library Joint Powers
Authority, in Santa Cruz, California; South Central Library
System ("SCLS"), centered in Madison, Wisconsin; and the
Westchester Library System, in Westchester County, New York, are
public library systems with branch offices in their respective
localities that provide Internet access to their patrons.
The Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, for over three
years from 1999-2001, received $135,000 in LSTA grants and
$19,500 in E-rate discounts for Internet access. The Multnomah
County Public Library received $70,000 in E-rate discounts for
Internet access this year, and has applied for $100,000 in E-rate
discounts for the upcoming year. The Norfolk Public Library
System received $90,000 in E-rate discounts for Internet access
this year, and has received a $200,000 LSTA grant to put computer