out or blasted out in chunks the same as rock. It is very doubtful
however, if such a plan is feasible.

The greatest partly subaqueous tunnels in the world are now to be found
in the vicinity of New York. The first to be opened to the public is
known as the Subway and extends from the northern limits of the City
in Westchester County to Brooklyn. The oldest, however, of the New
York tunnels counting from its origin is the "McAdoo" tunnel from
Christopher Street, in Manhattan Borough, under the Hudson to Hoboken.
This was begun in 1880 and continued at intervals as funds could be
obtained until 1890, when the work was abandoned after about two
thousand feet had been constructed. For a number of years the tunnel
remained full of water until it was finally acquired by the Hudson
Companies who completed and opened it to the public in 1908. Another
tunnel to the foot of Cortlandt Street was constructed by the same
concern and opened in 1909. Both tunnels consist of parallel but
separate tubes. The railway tunnels to carry the Pennsylvania R. R.
under the Hudson into New York and thence under the East River to Long
Island have been finished and are great triumphs of engineering skill
besides making New York the most perfectly equipped city in the world
as far as transit is concerned.

The greatest proposed subaqueous tunnel is that intended to connect
England with France under the English Channel a distance of twenty-one
miles. Time and again the British Parliament has rejected proposals
through fear that such a tunnel would afford a ready means of invasion
from a foreign enemy. However, it is almost sure to be built. Another
projected British tunnel is one which will link Ireland and Scotland
under the Irish Sea. If this is carried out then indeed the Emerald
Isle will be one with Britain in spite of her unwillingness for such