for no more than twelve months and twenty days) dismisses them from all
effectual station or right to a separate notice in the line of Caesars.
Coming to the tenth in succession, Vespasian, and his two sons, Titus and
Domitian, who make up the list of the twelve Caesars, as they are usually
called, we find matter for deeper political meditation and subjects of
curious research. But these emperors would be more properly classed with
the five who succeed them--Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, and the two Antonines;
after whom comes the young ruffian, Commodus, another Caligula or Nero,
from whose short and infamous reign Gibbon takes up his tale of the
decline of the empire. And this classification would probably have
prevailed, had not the very curious work of Suetonius, whose own life and
period of observation determined the series and cycle of his subjects, led
to a different distribution. But as it is evident that, in the succession
of the first twelve Caesars, the six latter have no connection whatever by
descent, collaterally, or otherwise, with the six first, it would be a
more logical distribution to combine them according to the fortunes of the
state itself, and the succession of its prosperity through the several
stages of splendor, declension, revival, and final decay. Under this
arrangement, the first seventeen would belong to the first stage; Commodus
would open the second; Aurelian down to Constantine or Julian would fill
the third; and Jovian to Augustulus would bring up the melancholy rear.
Meantime it will be proper, after thus briefly throwing our eyes over the
monstrous atrocities of the early Caesars, to spend a few lines in
examining their origin, and the circumstances which favored their growth.
For a mere hunter after hidden or forgotten singularities; a lover on
their own account of all strange perversities and freaks of nature,
whether in action, taste, or opinion; for a collector and amateur of
misgrowths and abortions; for a Suetonius, in short, it may be quite
enough to state and to arrange his cabinet of specimens from the
marvellous in human nature. But certainly in modern times, any historian,