157. Serfdom
158. Decline of Feudalism

XIX THE PAPACY AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, 962-1273 A.D.

159. Characteristics of the Medieval Church
160. Church Doctrine and Worship
161. Church Jurisdiction
162. The Secular Clergy
163. The Regular Clergy
164. The Friars
165. Power of the Papacy
166. Popes and Emperors, 962-1122 A.D.
167. Popes and Emperors, 1122-1273 A.D.
168. Significance of the Medieval Church

XX. THE OCCIDENT AGAINST THE ORIENT, THE CRUSADES, 1095-1291 A.D.

169. Causes of the Crusades
170. First Crusade, 1095-1099 A.D.
171. Crusaders' States in Syria
172. Second Crusade, 1147-1149 A.D., and Third Crusade, 1189-1192 A.D.
173. Fourth Crusade and the Latin Empire of Constantinople,
1202-1261 A.D.
174. Results of the Crusades

XXI THE MONGOLS AND THE OTTOMAN TURKS TO 1453 A.D.

175. The Mongols
176. Conquests of the Mongols, 1206-1405 A.D.