work and what shall be his reward. That such has been the tendency in
Jamaica, India, and Ireland, has been shown, and it is now proposed to
show that the same tendency exists in Scotland, the Northern part of
which has become exclusively agricultural as even its home
manufactures have passed away, and must look to a distance for a
market for all its products, involving, of course, a necessity for
exhausting the land.

The Highland tacksman, originally co-proprietor of the land of the
clan, became at first vassal, then hereditary tenant, then tenant at
will, and thus the property in land passed from the many into the
hands of the few, who have not hesitated to avail themselves of the
power so obtained. The payment of money rents was claimed by them
eighty years since, but the amount was very small, as is shown by the
following passage from a work of that date:--

"The rent of these lands is very trifling compared to their extent,
but compared to the number of mouths which a farm maintains, it will
perhaps be found that a plot of land in the highlands of Scotland
feeds ten times more people than a farm of the same extent in the
richest provinces."--_Stewart's Political Economy_, vol. i. chap.
xvi.

Of some of the proceedings of the present century the following sketch
is furnished by a recent English writer:--

"Even in the beginning of the 19th century the rental imposts were
very small, as is shown by the work of Mr. Lock, (1820,) the steward
of the Countess of Sutherland, who directed the improvements on her
estates. He gives for instance the rental of the Kintradawell estate