filled with a promiscuous crowd of men and women, all in the most
revolting state of filth. Amid such scenes and such companions as
these, thousands of the most intelligent of the Highlanders are
content to take refuge, for it is precisely those who are best
educated and best informed that are most impatient of the penury they
have to endure at home.

"The inhabitants of the Glasgow wynds and closes may be likened to
those of the Liverpool cellars, or to those of the worst parts of
Leeds, St. Giles's, and Bethnal Green, in London; and every other
class of the Scottish urban labouring population may likewise be
delineated with the same touches (more darkened, however,) which have
been used in describing the corresponding class in English towns.
Manufacturing operatives are in pretty much the same position in both
countries. Those of Scotland shared even more largely than their
Southern brethren in the distress of 1840-2, when Paisley in
particular exhibited scenes of wo far surpassing any thing that has
been related of Bolton or Stockport."--P. 77.

The extent to which these poor people have been driven from the land
may be judged by the following statement of population and
house-accommodation:--

Persons to
Population. Inhabited houses. a house.
----------- ----------------- ----------
1841...... 2,628,957...... 503,357...... 5.22
1851...... 2,870,784...... 366,650...... 7.83

Intemperance and immorality keep pace with the decline in the power of