or carpenter who built the houses, and the weaver who made the
clothing required for protection against a climate which was
usually cold. Then there was also the boat-builder, for the
Aryans had boats, though moved only by oars. There was yet
another class, the makers of personal ornaments, for these
people had rings, bracelets, and necklaces made of the precious
metals.

Of trade the Aryans knew something; but they had no coined
money--all the trade was done by exchange of one kind of cattle,
or grain or goods, for another. They had regulations as to
property, their laws punished crime with fine, imprisonment, or
death, just as ours do. They seem to have been careful to keep
their liberties, the families being formed into groups, and
these into tribes or clans, under the rule of an elected chief,
while it is probable that a Great Chief or King ruled over
several tribes and led them to war, or saw that the laws were
put into force.

Now we begin to see something of these ancient forefathers of
ours, and to understand what kind of people they were. Presently
we shall have to look into their religion, out of which our
Fairy Stories were really made; but first, there are one or two
other things to be said about them. One of these shows that they
were far in advance of savage races, for they could count as
high as one hundred, while savages can seldom get further than
the number of their fingers; and they had also advanced so far
as to divide the year into twelve months, which they took from
the changes of the moon. Then their family relations were very
close and tender. "Names were given to the members of families