of the back pressed on by the saddle become swollen, indurated and hard and
give the shoulder a rough appearance. Continuous irritation from the collar
may cause an inflammatory thickening of the subcutaneous tissue in the
shoulder region, and the skin appears loose and somewhat folded. This
uneven surface is productive of chronic collar galls.

_A sit-fast_ is characterized by a large swelling at the top of the neck,
followed by a deep sloughing of the tissues. A slightly swollen, wrinkled
condition of the skin over the top of the neck is sometimes present in
horses that resist the attendant, when he attempts to handle the part or
harness the animal. This form of sore neck is evidently very painful,
although little evidence of inflammation is present.

Strain of shoulder muscles and shoulder abscesses have been discussed under
their separate heads.

_The treatment is very largely preventive_. Too little attention is given
to the proper fitting of the harness and saddle. A well-fitted collar that
properly distributes the weight on the shoulder, and is neither too small
or too large at the top of the neck, is the best preventive for shoulder
and neck injuries. Old, ill-fitting, lumpy collars should not be used.
Neither should the same collar be used for different horses. Farmers should
avoid using sweat pads that are lumpy or soaked with sweat. If soft and
dry, such pads are useful in preventing galling. The surfaces of the collar
or saddle that come in contact with the skin should be kept smooth and
clean. In the spring of the year, it is advisable to bathe the shoulders of
work horses with cold water twice a day. Bathing the shoulders with the
following preparation is a useful preventive measure: lead acetate four
ounces, zinc sulfate three ounces and water one gallon. Smooth leather pads
for the top of the collar and saddle are useful preventive and curative