testicle, and the testicle pressed out through the incision. The testicle
and cords are then pulled well out and the cord broken off with a quick
jerk and twist, or scraped off with a knife. The latter method is to be
preferred in large lambs if the operator does not have an emasculator. The
incision in the scrotum should be extended from its base to the lowest
part, in order to secure perfect drainage.

_Young calves_ may be castrated in the standing position or when cast and
held on the side. The method of operating is the same as recommended for
pigs and lambs.

_The castration of the colt_ may be performed in either the standing
position or when cast. The method of operating is the same as practised in
the smaller animals with the exception of cutting off the cord. The
emasculator is used here. This instrument crushes the stump of the cord and
prevents haemorrhage from the cut ends of the blood-vessels. Careful
aseptic precautions must be observed in operating on colts, as they are
very susceptible to wound infection and peritonitis.

The blood-vessels of the testicular cord are larger in the adult animals,
and the danger from haemorrhage is greater than in the young. For this
reason, it is advisable to use an emasculator in castrating all mature
animals.

Complications Following Castration.--The _haemorrhage_ from the wound and
stump of cord is usually unimportant in the young animals. Serious
haemorrhage from the vessels of the cord sometimes occur in the adult, and
a persistent haemorrhage results when a subcutaneous vein is cut in making
the incision in the scrotum. This complication is not usually serious, and
can be prevented and controlled by observing proper precautions in cutting