coughing. The death rate in poorly-cared-for herds is heavy.

VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS AND PNEUMONIA OF SHEEP.--The two lung worms of sheep
are the _Strongylus filaria_ and Strongylus_ rufescens_. The former is from
1.3 to 3 inches (33 to 80 mm.) long, and the latter from 0.6 to 1 inch (16
to 25 mm.) long. The _S. filaria_ is thread-like and the _S. refuscens_
hair-like in appearance. For this reason they are termed thread and hair
lung-worms. The thread-worm is found in the trachea and the larger
bronchial tubes, and the hair-worm in the most minute as well as the larger
bronchioli.

This disease is most common in wet seasons. Undrained pastures and ponds
are said to favor the spread of the disease. Permanent pastures favor the
reinfection of the flock from year to year. The eggs and embryos are
expelled in coughing, and live for a time in the pastures, pens and houses.
The sheep become infected through the dust, drinking water or feed.

_The symptoms of verminous bronchitis_ and pneumonia are quite
characteristic. Lambs suffer most from these diseases. A number of animals
in the flock are affected. Coughing, rapid and labored breathing, loss of
appetite, emaciation and weakness are the usual symptoms noticed. When a
paroxysm of coughing occurs, considerable mucus is expelled. An examination
of the expectorations may result in finding a few lung worms. In
poorly-cared-for flocks, and when complicated by stomach and intestinal
worms, the death rate is usually heavy.

_The treatment_ of lung-worm diseases in lambs and calves is largely
preventive. We should use every possible precaution against introducing the
infection into the herd or flock. It is not advisable to bring animals from
an infected herd onto the premises, without subjecting them to a careful