principibus data_; the other is _Jurisdictio improprie dicta ac
mere spiritualis, Ecclesiae ejusque Episcopis a Christo data_....

Properly speaking, I submit that there is no such thing as
jurisdiction in any private association of men, or anywhere else
than under the authority of the State. _Jus_ is the scheme of
rights subsisting between men in the relations, not of all, but of
civil society; and _jurisdicto_ is the authority to determine and
enunciate those rights from time to time. Church authority,
therefore, so long as it stands alone, is not in strictness of
speech, or according to history, jurisdiction, because it is not
essentially bound up with civil law.

But when the State and the Church came to be united, by the
conversion of nations, and the submission of the private
conscience to Christianity--when the Church placed her power of
self-regulation under the guardianship of the State, and the State
annexed its own potent sanction to rules, which without it would
have been matter of mere private contract, then _jus_ or civil
right soon found its way into the Church, and the respective
interests and obligations of its various orders, and of the
individuals composing them, were regulated by provisions forming
part of the law of the land. Matter ecclesiastical or spiritual
moulded in the forms of civil law, became the proper subject of
ecclesiastical or spiritual jurisdiction, properly so called.

Now, inasmuch as laws are abstractions until they are put into
execution, through the medium of executive and judicial authority,
it is evident that the cogency of the reasons for welding
together, so to speak, civil and ecclesiastical authority is much