station platforms are below the surface, but the ticket booths and
toilet rooms are on the surface; this arrangement being possible also
because of the park area available in the streets. At Manhattan Street
the platforms are on the viaduct, but the ticket booths and toilet
rooms are on the surface. The viaduct at this point is about 68 feet
above the surface, and escalators are provided. At many of the
stations entrances have been arranged from the adjacent buildings, in
addition to the entrances originally planned from the street.

[Sidenote: Kiosks]

The entrances to the underground stations are enclosed at the street
by kiosks of cast iron and wire glass (photograph on page 33), and
vary in number from two to eight at a station. The stairways are of
concrete, reinforced by twisted steel rods. At 168th Street, at 181st
Street, and at Mott Avenue, where the platforms are from 90 to 100
feet below the surface, elevators are provided.

[Illustration: WEST SIDE OF 23D STREET STATION]

At twenty of the underground stations it has been possible to use
vault lights to such an extent that very little artificial light is
needed. (Photograph on page 35.) Such artificial light as is
required is supplied by incandescent lamps sunk in the ceilings.
Provision has been made for using the track circuit for lighting in
emergency if the regular lighting circuit should temporarily fail.

[Illustration: KIOSKS AT COLUMBUS CIRCLE]

The station floors are of concrete, marked off in squares. At the